Guru Angad Dev Ji: The Second Sikh Guru
Guru Angad Dev Ji was the second of the ten Sikh Gurus. He was a pivotal figure in the establishment of Sikhism post-Guru Nanak Dev Ji. His contributions are the creation of the Gurmukhi script, education, and egalitarianism.
What is Early Life of Sri Guru Angad Dev Ji
- Birth Name: Lehna
- Born: 31st March 1504, in Matte-di-Sarai (current-day Sarai Naga), Punjab, India
- Parents: Baba Pheru Mal and Mata Ramo
- Occupation: Originally a trader and orthodox Hindu
Guru Angad Dev Ji encountered Guru Nanak Dev Ji on a pilgrimage. Enchanted by the teachings of Guru Nanak, Lehna became his sincere disciple. In appreciation of his commitment, Guru Nanak christened him “Angad,” or “my own limb,” and designated him as his successor in 1539.
Contributions of Guru Angad Dev Ji to Sikhism
Development of Gurmukhi Script
Guru Angad Dev Ji standardized the Gurmukhi script so that it was more convenient for people to read and write Punjabi. The script became the basis of Sikh scriptures and served to preserve the teachings of the Gurus.
Promotion of Education
He founded schools to educate children in the Gurmukhi script. This effort made education available to the masses, ending the monopoly of Sanskrit, which was only accessible to the upper castes.
Strengthening the Langar System
Guru Angad Dev Ji strengthened the tradition of Langar, a communal kitchen where individuals from all walks of life could share meals together. This fostered equality and eliminated caste barriers.
Encouragement of Physical Fitness
He introduced Mall Akharas (wrestling halls) to promote physical fitness among young people. The centers ensured a healthy way of life and discipline.
Compilation of Guru Nanak’s Hymns
Guru Angad Dev Ji started gathering the hymns of Guru Nanak Dev Ji so that they could be preserved for generations to come. He also added 62 or 63 of his own hymns to Sikh scriptures.
What are Teachings of Guru Angad Dev Ji
- Equality: He preached a casteless and classless society where all are equal.
- Service (Seva): Taught selfless service to humanity.
- Devotion to God: Taught constant remembrance of God through Naam Simran (chanting God’s name).
- Honest Living: Believed in earning a livelihood by honest means.
Gurgaddi Diwas: Significance and Celebrations
Gurgaddi Diwas is the day when Guru Angad Dev Ji was made the second Guru of the Sikhs by Guru Nanak Dev Ji in 1539. “Gurgaddi” refers to “Guru’s throne,” and “Diwas” refers to “day.” Thus, this day celebrates the day when Guru Nanak Dev Ji transferred the responsibility of the Sikh community to Bhai Lehna Ji, who became Guru Angad Dev Ji.
It is a very significant day in Sikh history since it indicates the transfer of religious authority peacefully and the continuity of Sikh religion.
How is Gurgaddi Diwas Celebrated?
- Prayers and Kirtan: Sikhs congregate in Gurdwaras (Sikh temples) to hear Kirtan, i.e., singing of hymns from Guru Granth Sahib Ji.
- Katha (spiritual discourses): Spiritual leaders deliver discourses on the life, teachings, and values of Guru Angad Dev Ji.
- Seva (selfless service): Numerous individuals participate in Langar (free community kitchen), assisting in cooking, serving, or cleaning.
- Decorated Gurdwaras: Gurdwaras are festively decorated with lights and flowers to mark the occasion.
- Community Events: A few locations conduct processions, exhibitions, and cultural events to educate people—particularly young ones—about the Guru’s work.
Timeline of Guru Angad Dev Ji’s Life
Year | Event |
1504 | Born in Matte-di-Sarai, Punjab |
1539 | Became the second Sikh Guru |
1541 | Standardized the Gurmukhi script |
1544 | Initiated the compilation of Guru Nanak’s hymns |
1552 | Passed away in Khadur Sahib, Punjab |
